Summary of designated AY lineages

We’ve continued to incorporate new AY lineages in recent pangoLEARN models. As previously outlined, most of these lineages show significant geographical clustering and they have been designated to help researchers track the virus on a finer scale. Their designation does not imply any functional biological difference from B.1.617.2 and, like B.1.617.2, they correspond to the WHO-defined Delta variant (https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/).

Below is a summary of the AY lineages that have been designated to date, including their dominant geographical locations and associated mutations. We expect that new AY lineages will continue to follow and will add any future AY lineages to this table.

Table of currently designated AY lineages

Table of currently designated AY lineages, their predominant geographical location(s) and their associated mutation(s). Note that the listed mutations are those that occurred along the phylogenetic branch immediately preceding the common ancestor of the lineage. These mutations are therefore those that separate the AY lineage from closely related sequences but may not be all of the mutations that separate them from other AY lineages or more distant B.1.617.2 sequences.

LineagePredominant countriesAssociated mutation(s)
AY.1MultipleG22813T (S:K417N)
AY.2USAG22813T (S:K417N)
AY.3USAA11456G (Orf1ab:I3731V)
AY.3.1USAG3644T (Orf1ab:D1127Y), C18115T (Orf1ab:H5951Y)
AY.4UKC7851T (Orf1ab:A2529V)
AY.4.1UKA20374C (Orf1ab:I6704L),G22899T (S:G446V)
AY.4.2Europe, particularly UKT21995C (S:Y145H)
AY.4.2.1UK, GermanyG28878T (N:S202I)
AY.4.3EuropeC21638T (S:S26P)
AY.4.4Multiple European countriesG24348C (S:S929T)
AY.4.5LithuaniaA14882C (Orf1ab:D4873A)
AY.5UKG24928T (synonymous)
AY.5.1PortugalC27143A (M:N207K)
AY.5.2PortugalC25572T (synonymous)
AY.5.3USAC7488T (Orf1ab:T2408I)
AY.5.4EuropeC1191T (Orf1ab:P309L)
AY.6UKG17331T (Orf1ab:E5689D)
AY.7UKG11365T (synonymous), G12718T (Orf1ab:Q4151H), C27629A (Orf7a:A79D)
AY.7.1DenmarkA18675G (synonymous)
AY.7.2EuropeG25445T (Orf3a:G18V)
AY.8UKA14170G (Orf1ab:I4636V)
AY.9UKC22792T (synonymous)
AY.9.1EuropeC4321T (synonymous)
AY.9.2EuropeG1729A (synonymous)
AY.9.2.1CanadaT6152C (synonymous),C16092T (synonymous)
AY.10UKC12756T (Orf1ab:T4164I), C13665T (synonymous)
AY.11UKC3486T (Orf1ab:A1074V), C18526T (Orf1ab:R6088C), C29509T (synonymous)
AY.13USAA17406G (synonymous)
AY.14USAG20718T (Orf1ab:M6818I)
AY.15CanadaA16872G (synonymous), G27382C (Orf6:D61H)
AY.16KenyaT26076A (synonymous)
AY.16.1FranceA12417G (Orf1ab:N4051S),G12911A (Orf1ab:V4216I)
AY.17Ireland, Northern IrelandC17436T (synonymous)
AY.18CanadaT23470C (synonymous), C27807T (synonymous)
AY.19South AfricaG25019T (S:D1153Y), G25947T (Orf3a:Q185H)
AY.20USA, MexicoC2061T (Orf1ab:A599V)
AY.20.1Czech RepublicC11173T (synonymous), G25481T (Orf3a:R30L)
AY.21Italy, SwitzerlandG28195T (Orf8:R101L), T28897C (synonymous), C29167T (synonymous)
AY.22PortugalT12496C (synonymous), G26062T (Orf3a:G224C)
AY.23Indonesia, Singapore, Japan, South KoreaC1404T (Orf1ab:P380L), C4752T (Orf1ab:T1496I)
AY.23.1SingaporeC25262A (S:L1234I)
AY.24IndonesiaC25702T (Orf3a:P104S)
AY.25USAA27507C (synonymous)
AY.26USA, MexicoA27345T (Orf6:K48N)
AY.27CanadaG29422T (synonymous)
AY.28Sri LankaC8950T (synonymous), C9246T (Orf1ab:A2994V), G24794T (S:A1078S)
AY.29JapanT5514C (Orf1ab:V1750A)
AY.29.1JapanG22081T (S:Q173H)
AY.30Thailand, CambodiaA13482G (synonymous)
AY.31MyanmarT3306C (Orf1ab:M1014T), T23480C (S:S640P), G24872T (S:V1104L)
AY.32South AfricaC9286T (synonymous)
AY.33EuropeA21647G (S:T29A)
AY.34France, UK, Germany, USAG23593C (S:Q677H)
AY.34.1Brazil, ChileG8017T (synonymous)
AY.35USAG23012C (S:E484Q)
AY.36Nigeria, UK, USAT15628C (Orf1ab:C5122R), G18079T (Orf1ab:V5939L)
AY.37Liberia, USA, FranceT20911C (synonymous)
AY.38South AfricaC2509T (synonymous)
AY.39USAG27604A (Orf7a:V71I)
AY.39.1Australia, USAA13482G (synonymous)
AY.39.1.1New ZealandG19563T (Orf1ab:L6433F)
AY.39.2PeruG5716T (Orf1ab:K1817N)
AY.40ReunionC28099T (Orf8:S69L)
AY.41EuropeG1820A (Orf1ab:G519S), G22992T (S:S477I)
AY.42EuropeC25872T (synonymous)
AY.43EuropeA28299T (N:Q9L)
AY.43.1BrazilC12663T (Orf1ab:A4133V), C25433T (Orf3a:T14I)
AY.43.2BrazilG3728T (Orf1ab:G1155C)
AY.43.3ChileC19955T (Orf1ab:T6564I)
AY.43.4SwitzerlandC5241T (Orf1ab:P1659L)
AY.44USAC6040T (synonymous)
AY.45South AfricaG13812T (Orf1ab:M4516I)
AY.46AfricaC10977T (Orf1ab:A3571V)
AY.46.1USAT25673C (Orf3a:L94P)
AY.46.2Germany, TurkeyA17799G (synonymous)
AY.46.3BrazilG28378T (synonymous)
AY.46.4USAG23545T (S:E661D)
AY.46.5UKT16242G (synonymous)
AY.46.6EuropeC6310T (synonymous)
AY.47USAG22427A (S:V289I)
AY.48USAG27948T (Orf8:E19*)
AY.49USAT5773C (synonymous),C10834T (synonymous),C23039G (S:Q493E),G24124T (S:K854N),A27979T (Orf8:Q29L)
AY.50IrelandC19554T (synonymous),G22484C (S:V308L),G28809T (N:G179V)
AY.51EuropeG12223T,A25697T (Orf3a:E102V),G28248A (Orf8:D119N)
AY.52USAT25689C (synonymous)
AY.53EuropeG1738T (synonymous),C18348T (synonymous)
AY.54USAA25806G (synonymous)
AY.55Rwanda and other countriesA10978G (synonymous)
AY.56USAC25624T (Orf3a:H78Y)
AY.57VietnamC1403T (Orf1ab:P380S)
AY.58EuropeC5192T (synonymous)
AY.59MalaysiaT20391G (synonymous)
AY.60EuropeC2919T (Orf1ab:P885L),T8634C (Orf1ab:I2790T)
AY.61ItalyT25532C (Orf3a:I47T)
AY.62USAA1045T (synonymous)
AY.63NorwayA19126G (Orf1ab:I6288V),C25710T (synonymous),G29616T (Orf10:R20I)
AY.64USAC5784T (Orf1ab:T1840I),C24130T (synonymous),G25691T (Orf3a:G100V)
AY.65Bahrain and other countriesG14028T (Orf1ab:M4588I)
AY.66EuropeT6496C (synonymous)
AY.67USAA27368G (Orf6:Q56R)
AY.68EuropeG105T (synonymous),C19524T (synonymous),T24499A (S:D979E)
AY.69South KoreaA4838G (Orf1ab:I1525V),G9431A (Orf1ab:V3056I),G16864A (Orf1ab:V5534I),C27559T (synonymous)
AY.70EuropeG28899T (N:R209I),G28903T (N:M210I)
AY.71EuropeC25317T (S:S1252F)
AY.72EuropeG6080T (Orf1ab:D1939Y),A25856G (Orf3a:D155G)
AY.73EuropeC6573T (Orf1ab:S2103F),C28409T (N:P46S),C28893T (N:P207L)
AY.74CanadaG3994A (synonymous),C25413T (synonymous)
AY.75USAC21622T (synonymous)
AY.75.2PhilippinesG23611T (synonymous)
AY.75.3JapanT19127C (Orf1ab:I6288T)
AY.76MalaysiaT7233C (Orf1ab:L2323S)
AY.77USAT27346C (Orf6:Y49H)
AY.78Germany, TurkeyG14874T (Orf1ab:K4870N),G29227A (synonymous)
AY.79MalaysiaT2125C (synonymous)
AY.80EuropeG5017A (synonymous),G19735T (Orf1ab:D6491Y)
AY.81USAG11358A (Orf1ab:R3698K),A28032G (Orf8:I47V)
AY.82FijiC9144T (Orf1ab:S2960F),C22783T (synonymous)
AY.83USAC5544T (Orf1ab:T1760I),A25491T (synonymous)
AY.84Europe, particularly GermanyG28086T (Orf8:A65S)
AY.85ThailandC1825T (synonymous),G16914T (synonymous),T17748A (synonymous)
AY.86Canada, USAG24095T (S:A845S),C29445T (N:T391I)
AY.87UKC832T (synonymous),G27556T (Orf7a:A55S)
AY.88Ghana and other countriesG20709T (Orf1ab:M6815I)
AY.89UKC7851T (Orf1ab:A2529V)
AY.90UKG9251A (Orf1ab:V2996I)
AY.91South Africa, NamibiaC28236T (Orf8:R115C)
AY.91.1EuropeC15540T (synonymous),C17010T (synonymous),C28310T (N:P13S)
AY.92EuropeC28657T (synonymous)
AY.93CanadaC7262T (Orf1ab:L2333F)
AY.94EuropeC15924T (synonymous)
AY.95Maldives, EuropeT22293C (S:L244S)
AY.96BotswanaA28254C (Orf8:I121L)
AY.97EuropeC6840T (Orf1ab:A2192V)
AY.98UKG526T (Orf1ab:E87D)
AY.98.1EuropeC7768T (synonymous)
AY.99South Africa, NigeriaA3536G (Orf1ab:I1091V)
AY.99.1BrazilC8994T (Orf1ab:T2910I)
AY.99.2BrazilC4927T (synonymous),C12525T (Orf1ab:T4087I)
AY.100USAG17122T (Orf1ab:A5620S)
AY.101Brazil, ChileC9474T (Orf1ab:A3070V)
AY.102Peru, ChileA27690T (synonymous)
AY.103USAC24208T (synonymous)
AY.104Sri LankaT13048C (synonymous),C23277T (S:T572I)
AY.105USAC1063T (synonymous)
AY.106Jordan and other countriesC22326T (S:S255F)
AY.107USAA15012G (synonymous)
AY.108Pakistan and other countriesC745T (synonymous),C823T (synonymous),C6828T (Orf1ab:S2188F)
AY.109Nigeria and other countriesA14836G (Orf1ab:I4858V)
AY.110USAC912A (Orf1ab:S216Y)
AY.111UKC4456T (synonymous)
AY.112BahrainA3997T (Orf1ab:E1244D)
AY.113USA, Mexico, Costa RicaC15240T (synonymous)
AY.114USAG19677T (Orf1ab:Q6471H)
AY.115BotswanaA10691G (Orf1ab:I3476V)
AY.116AfricaA10691G (Orf1ab:I3476V)
AY.116.1USAG12071A (Orf1ab:D3936N)
AY.117USAC15810T (synonymous)
AY.118USAT826C (synonymous)
AY.119USAG19006T (Orf1ab:A6248S)
AY.120UKC6408T (Orf1ab:S2048F)
AY.120.1USAC11095T (synonymous)
AY.120.2South AfricaC21758T (S:H66Y)
AY.120.2.1EuropeC13138T (synonymous)
AY.121Poland, GermanyC27737T (Orf7a:T115I)
AY.122EuropeG1048T (Orf1ab:K261N)
AY.122.1IsraelC23934T (S:T791I)
AY.123Belgium, FranceG17790T (Orf1ab:Q5842H), G27762T (Orf7b:E3*)
AY.124Portugal, EuropeC21301A (Orf1ab:P7013T)
AY.125EuropeC745T (synonymous)